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Security, borders & Pan-Africanism

Wars, peace processes, military power, border politics, regional institutions and competing meanings of sovereignty and African unity.

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6 publications

6 publications

An archival chromolithograph detail shows Menelik II enthroned among religious and political figures.
Menelik II’s coronation: detail from an 1890 chromolithograph after Pio Joris (1843–1921), depicting the 1889 ceremony. Library of Congress, Ethiopian Collection. Digital reproduction date unrecorded.
Pio Joris / Library of Congress, African and Middle Eastern Division · Public domain
Image details

Coronation of Menelik II — archival chromolithograph detail

Historical record: 1890 print depicting 1889 coronation; reproduction date unrecorded.

Converted the source JPEG to WebP with original dimensions and framing preserved. Source is a detail already cropped by the Library of Congress. Original artist died in 1921; 1890 publication. Faithful reproduction of a public-domain visual artwork.

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Adwa: treaty language, defended sovereignty and political memory

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Kate Foster seated behind the United Kingdom placard while speaking at the UN Security Council.
Kate Foster addresses the UN Security Council on Sudan, New York, 16 October 2026. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office / Crown copyright
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Kate Foster addresses the Security Council on Sudan, 16 October 2026

Image date: 2026-10-16.

Converted from the original PNG to WebP; dimensions and framing unchanged. No content edits.

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Sudan’s mediation tracks approach Geneva with civilian political participation at stake

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Participants in a public group photograph at the EAC Children Summit on Climate Change
Participants at the first EAC Children Summit on Climate Change, Parliament, Kampala, 16 October 2026. Parliament of Uganda / APO Group.
Parliament of Uganda / APO Group
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Participants at the first EAC Children Summit on Climate Change, Parliament, Kampala, 16 October 2026

Image date: 2026-10-16.

Full frame preserved, converted to lossless WebP. Individual photographer not supplied by the publisher. Proportionally reduced from 1817 × 1185 to 1600 × 1043 pixels; no cropping or retouching.

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Kampala summit puts children’s participation on the regional climate agenda

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Musalia Mudavadi speaking at a lectern at the National Defence College
Musalia Mudavadi addresses the National Defence College in Karen, Nairobi, 14 October 2026. Kenya Ministry of Defence / APO Group.
Ministry of Defence, Kenya / APO Group
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Musalia Mudavadi addresses the National Defence College in Karen, Nairobi, 14 October 2026

Image date: 2026-10-14.

Full frame preserved, converted to lossless WebP. Individual photographer not supplied by the publisher. Visible KDF watermark retained.

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Kenya’s defence-college lecture places diplomacy inside the security debate

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Wire and stakes extend across a dry landscape along the Namibia–Botswana boundary in 2018.
The Namibia–Botswana boundary fence, photographed 19 October 2018.
Hp.Baumeler · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Border fence Namibia Botswana (2018)

Historical record: 2018-10-19.

Full-frame 1280 × 853 Commons thumbnail converted losslessly to WebP. No additional crop, retouching or generated content.

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The OAU’s border settlement: sovereignty, liberation and cooperation

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Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa and Christian Rogg with their teams beside a Ghana flag
Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa and British High Commissioner Christian Rogg with their teams, Ghana, 9 October 2026. Ghana MFA / APO Group.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Ghana / APO Group
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Ghana foreign minister and UK High Commissioner, 9 October 2026

Image date: 2026-10-09.

Converted to lossless WebP without cropping; the full distributed image and visible watermark are preserved. Individual photographer not supplied by the publisher.

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Ghana brings reparatory justice into its 9 October talks with the UK

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7 sources