Menelik II’s coronation: detail from an 1890 chromolithograph after Pio Joris (1843–1921), depicting the 1889 ceremony. Library of Congress, Ethiopian Collection. Digital reproduction date unrecorded.
Coronation of Menelik II — archival chromolithograph detail
Historical record: 1890 print depicting 1889 coronation; reproduction date unrecorded.
Converted the source JPEG to WebP with original dimensions and framing preserved. Source is a detail already cropped by the Library of Congress. Original artist died in 1921; 1890 publication. Faithful reproduction of a public-domain visual artwork.
Plaque with equestrian ọ́bà (king) and attendants, Court of Benin, ca. 1540–70. Ìgùn Ẹ́rọ̀nwwọ̀n guild artists; The Met, 1978.412.309. Historical object; reproduction date unrecorded.
Historical record: ca. 1540–70 (object); photograph date unrecorded.
Converted the source JPEG to WebP with original dimensions and framing preserved. No crop or content edits; museum image released through its CC0 Open Access programme.
Original licence and this reproduction: CC BY-SA 2.0, linked in the rights record. Full frame proportionally resized from 4852 × 3235 to 1600 × 1067 and converted to lossless WebP. No crop, retouching or generated elements.
Full frame preserved at original 1086 × 724 dimensions; converted to lossless WebP. No crop, retouching or generated elements. Image redistribution retains CC BY-SA 4.0.
Ibrahim Njoya in his study at Foumban, 25 May 1917. Photograph by Frédéric Gadmer. Médiathèque du patrimoine et de la photographie, AP62T121311, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0.
Njoya in his study, Foumban, 25 May 1917 (AP62T121311)
Historical record: 1917-05-25.
Converted to lossless WebP without cropping or changing the image content. Credit: Ministère de la Culture, Médiathèque du patrimoine et de la photographie, AP62T121311; diffusion GrandPalaisRmn Photo. The image is reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
An early 20th-century Senegalese postcard captioned 'Griot Diola' by photographer François-Edmond Fortier. Historical image; its colonial caption is an attribution by the postcard publisher, not independent confirmation of the sitter's identity.
Historical record: Early 20th century; precise capture date not supplied.
Resized and converted to WebP; layout crops may apply. The precise original capture date and sitter’s identity are not established. The publisher’s historic caption is retained as an attribution.
Pages 118–119 of Hendrik Witbooi's Letter Journal No. 1, dated 20 May 1891. Historic manuscript, reproduced from the Digital Namibian Archive via Wikimedia Commons.
Journal essays develop a focused question through comparative readings of existing scholarship and documentary evidence.
Original journal research presents new empirical work or a substantiated scholarly reinterpretation following human editorial review. Publication labels identify the route used.
